Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi

The Role of Interleukin 1β, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, Granulation Tissue and Collagen Density in the Wound Healing Phase (Study of Wound Healing in the Inflammation, Proliferation, and Remodeling Phases)

2025-05-20T20:15:57+07:00

This scoping review explores the roles of interleukin 1β, fibroblast growth factor, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, granulation tissue, and collagen density in the wound healing process, focusing on inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. A systematic literature search identified studies investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in wound repair. Findings reveal that fibroblast-derived exosomes carrying miR-93-5p inhibit autophagy, delaying diabetic wound healing. Controlled growth factor delivery enhances angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition, accelerating tissue regeneration. SPRR1B+ keratinocytes facilitate rapid re-epithelialization, while granulation tissue provides essential scaffolding for cell migration and neovascularization. Elevated IL-1β impairs healing by increasing matrix metalloproteinases, degrading collagen. Natural compounds like red fruit oil and Binahong leaf extract promote angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Genetic variations in inflammatory cytokines influence healing outcomes, indicating potential for personalized therapies. This review consolidates current evidence, providing insights into cellular and molecular interactions critical for effective wound repair and guiding future regenerative medicine strategies.

Deteksi Ektoparasit pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Desa Aik Bukak Kecamatan Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

2025-05-23T14:11:38+07:00

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most widely cultivated freshwater fish in Indonesia, due to its high consumption rate and ease of maintenance. However, ectoparasite infection is a serious threat to fish health and productivity. This study aims to identify the presence and types of ectoparasites in Tilapia at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) of Aik Bukak Village, North Batukliang District, Central Lombok Regency. A total of 20 Tilapia samples from five parent ponds were examined using native scraping and biopsy techniques. The results of the analysis at the Histology and Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mandalika Education University, showed that 18 of the 20 samples were infected with ectoparasites. Morphological identification showed two types of parasites, namely Gyrodactylus sp. (Monogenea) and Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), which were found on the gills, mucus, and scales of the fish. These results indicate that ectoparasites are still a major problem in Tilapia cultivation at the research location.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Vegetasi Riparian pada Daerah Hulu dan Hilir Sungai Noemuti Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

2025-06-01T20:24:20+07:00

Riparian ecosystem is a transition zone between land and water bodies that plays an important role in maintaining environmental balance, preventing erosion, filtering pollutants, and providing habitat for biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the diversity of riparian vegetation types in the upstream and downstream of the Noemuti River. The method used is the plot method with a size of 20m x 20m with a total of 24 plots. The results of the analysis showed that there were significant differences in the composition and structure of riparian vegetation between the upstream and downstream of the Noemuti River. In the upstream area, 31 plant species were found belonging to 20 families with a total of 751 individuals, while in the downstream 23 species were found from 16 families with a total of 831 individuals. Dominant species in the upstream include Tectona grandis (262 individuals), Senna siamea (66 individuals), and Leucaena leucocephala (53 individuals), while in the downstream it is dominated by Gliricidia sepium (309 individuals), Vachellia nilotica (131 individuals), and Tectona grandis (125 individuals). The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) in the upstream was shown by Tectona grandis, each of 80.88% (tree), 116.43% (pole), 63.94% (sapling), and 37.57% (seedling). In the downstream, Gliricidia sepium became the most dominant species with IVI of 66.02% (tree), 108.62% (pole), 63.48% (sapling), and 46.05% (seedling). The invasive species Chromolaena odorata also showed significant dominance in the seedling strata with an INP of 39.98% in the upstream and 59.00% in the downstream. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Hʹ) in the upstream was recorded at 2.42 and in the downstream at 2.05, both of which are included in the moderate diversity category. The species richness index (R) was higher in the upstream (4.38) compared to the downstream (3.25), while the evenness index (E) was recorded at 0.70 in the upstream and 0.65 in the downstream.

Analisis Kritik Sosial terhadap Praktik Pencemaran Laut dalam Novel Flush Karya Carl Hiaasen

2025-06-04T10:27:26+07:00

This study aims to examine social criticism of marine pollution practices in Carl Hiaasen's novel Flush (2005) through an ecocritical approach. The novel tells the story of a teenager named Noah who tries to expose illegal waste disposal practices by tour boat owners in the Florida Keys. Through a light but morally charged narrative, Hiaasen criticizes ecological injustice and weak environmental law enforcement. The study uses qualitative methods with content and thematic analysis techniques for the narrative, symbols, and characters in the novel. The results of the study show that Flush represents environmental exploitation as an impact of unequal power relations that are oriented towards economic gain. Characters such as Noah and Paine become symbols of moral courage and resistance to a corrupt system. The symbols of ship waste and polluted seas emphasize that pollution is not merely a technical issue, but also a social and political one. The novel emphasizes the role of the younger generation in environmental conservation. The findings are closely related to the Indonesian context which still faces similar challenges in the management and enforcement of marine pollution laws.

Pengaruh Daun Sirsak dan Bawang Putih sebagai Pestisida Nabati terhadap Hama Bayam Belang BA 132

2025-06-05T00:17:22+07:00

Insect pest attacks are one of the main obstacles in cultivating striped spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.), because they reduce the quality and quantity of the harvest. Long-term use of synthetic pesticides has a negative impact on the environment and health. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the combination of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) and garlic (Allium sativum) as a botanical pesticide on the intensity of pest attacks. The study was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five concentration treatments (0%, 25%, 45%, 65%, and 85%) and five replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and BNT test at the 1% level. The results showed that the botanical extract treatment had a significant effect on reducing the intensity of pest attacks, with a concentration of 85% giving the most effective results (Fcount 236.05 > Ftable 4.77). The treatment of plant leaves showed lower damage than the control. This effectiveness is thought to be due to the content of active compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, acetogenins, and alkaloids which are toxic to pests. In conclusion, soursop leaf and garlic extracts have the potential to be environmentally friendly botanical pesticides and can be used as an alternative to control striped spinach plant pests.

Pengaruh Model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Berbantuan Wordwall (Gameshow Quiz) terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMAN 14 Samarinda

2025-06-06T18:41:57+07:00

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model based on Wordwall type Gameshow Quiz in improving learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of class XI students at SMAN 14 Samarinda. This study used a Quasi-Experimental design with a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. and Purposive Sampling techniques in sample selection, and T-Test and N-Gain tests to analyze the results. The results showed that the N-Gain of critical thinking skills in the experimental group was 0.53 (moderate category) and in the control group was 0.32 (moderate category). On the other hand, the N-Gain for learning outcomes in the experimental group was 0.56 (moderate category), while in the control group it was 0.25 (low category). The results of the hypothesis test analysis, critical thinking skills and learning outcomes each had significant values of 0.002 and 0.000. Thus, the TGT model with Wordwall Gameshow Quiz media is effective in improving critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of class XI students at SMAN 14 Samarinda.

Tradisi Reba dan Konservasi Uwi (Dioscorea esculenta): Kajian Etnobotani Masyarakat Adat Desa Binawali Kabupaten Ngada

2025-06-12T10:23:00+07:00

This study focuses on the Reba tradition and the conservation of yam (Dioscorea esculenta) in Binawali Village, Ngada Regency, through an ethnobotanical approach. The Reba tradition is an annual harvest ritual in which the Ngada ethnic community honors yam as a symbol of life, prosperity, and ancestral heritage. Yam is considered the "bread of life" and their main staple food long before rice and corn were known. Despite having high historical and spiritual value and being easy to cultivate, the utilization of yam is still low, due to the lack of interest of the younger generation and the suboptimal economic utilization which threatens its sustainability as a local agrobiodiversity. This study aims to describe the symbolic meaning of yam in the Reba tradition and examine how the tradition contributes to local and sustainable yam conservation. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, through participant observation, interviews, and documentation of traditional elders, village heads, farmers, and community members for data collection. The results show that the Reba tradition not only functions as an expression of spiritual culture, but also as a mechanism for in situ conservation of yam through customary regulations, management of inherited land, and transmission of local knowledge between generations. This finding emphasizes the importance of strengthening customary institutions as a pillar in community-based agrobiodiversity conservation.

Analisis Penggunaan E-Modul terhadap Motivasi dan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas VII dalam Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri 11 Samarinda

2025-06-12T16:12:21+07:00

This study aims to measure the level and changes in motivation in grade VII students at SMP Negeri 11 Samarinda in science learning. The approach used in this study is quantitative descriptive with 34 students as samples determined through the Convenience Sampling method. The media used is a flipbook-based e-module. Three instruments were used in data collection, namely a questionnaire filled out by students, a student participation observation sheet filled out by the teacher, and multiple-choice questions assessed by the researcher. The results of the study showed that the average score of student learning motivation was 44.29 and student interest in learning was 40.47, both of which are included in the fairly high category. The results of data analysis from the three instruments showed an increase in student motivation and interest in learning, accompanied by significant positive changes. Based on these findings, the researcher concluded that the implementation of a flipbook-based e-module has a positive impact on student motivation and interest in learning.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry Berbantuan Virtual Laboratory terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik

2025-06-16T20:56:48+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of guided inquiry learning model assisted by virtual laboratory on students' critical thinking skills. The background of this study is based on the low critical thinking skills of students, as well as the limited laboratory facilities in schools. This study uses a quantitative model with a quasi-experimental design type pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of two classes X at SMA Negeri 2 Labuapi which were selected by cluster random sampling. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test compiled based on Ennis' indicators (2011). Data analysis was carried out using the N-Gain test and ANCOVA test. The results showed that the N-Gain value of the experimental class (0.378) was higher than the control class (0.302), and the results of the ANCOVA test showed a significance value of 0.026 (<0.05) which means that there is a significant effect of the learning model on improving critical thinking skills. These findings indicate that the guided inquiry model assisted by virtual laboratory is more effective than conventional learning in developing critical thinking skills, such as the ability to analyze information, formulate arguments, and draw logical conclusions. This model is relevant to be applied in 21st century science learning, especially in schools with limited laboratory facilities.

Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Educaplay : Pengaruh terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 2 Samarinda

2025-06-19T19:24:27+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model using Educaplay media on the critical thinking skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda in the 2024/2025 academic year. This type of research is quasi-experimental using a non-equivalent control group design. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 26 students each for the experimental class and the control class. The data analysis techniques used were the N-Gain test and the independent sample t-test. The results of the data analysis showed that the N-Gain value of critical thinking skills of students in the experimental class with an average of 0.41 was included in the moderate category, and the control class was 0.32 in the moderate category. The results of the hypothesis showed a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.028 (<0.05) for critical thinking skills, where the sig. value. (2-tailed) <0.05 so it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model using Educaplay media has a significant effect on the critical thinking skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Samarinda. This finding shows that the integration of PBL with digital interactive media can be an effective alternative to improve students' critical thinking skills.

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacologies Aspect of Kaempferia rotunda L. as a Local Herbal Plant with Global Potential: A Review

2025-06-20T16:59:54+07:00

Kaempferia rotunda L., also known as kunci pepet, is a local herbal plant with global potential traditionally used in various medicinal practices across Southeast Asia. This review summarizes the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of Kaempferia rotunda L., to explore its applications in modern medicine. Ethnobotanically, its rhizome has been widely utilized for treating digestive disorders, inflammation, and wound healing. Phytochemical studies reveal that Kaempferia rotunda L., contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenoids, contributing to its biological activities. Several studies have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. With the increasing demand for natural-based therapies, further exploration of their active compounds and mechanisms of action is highly relevant. This review aims to provide a broader insight into the pharmaceutical potential of Kaempferia rotunda L., and encourage further research for the development of evidence-based herbal medicine.

Immunomodulatory and Antidiabetic Potential of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on Animal Models: Potentials and Future Research

2025-06-22T08:50:16+07:00

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has been traditionally used for its analgesic and stimulant properties. Recent preclinical studies suggesting its potential as an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic agent. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2010-2024) using keywords “Kratom”, “inflammation”, and “diabetes” identified 82 studies. After applying inclusion criteria (original research, English/Bahasa Indonesia, in vivo animal models investigating anti-inflammatory/antidiabetic effects) and excluding reviews, in vitro studies, and conference abstracts, 14 studies comprising 9 key articles on the pharmacological activities of Kratom were analyzed. Dosages ranged from 0,5 mg/g to 500 mg/kg across various extraction methods and treatment durations. Studies show that Kratom extracts can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) via NF-κB, COX-2, and MAPK/ERK pathways. In diabetic models, Kratom reduced blood glucose levels by 15-45%, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced antioxidant status. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed comparable efficacy, with optimal effects observed at 100-200 mg/kg doses. Despite these findings, safety concerns remain regarding toxicity, dependence, and drug interactions. Further toxicological studies and clinical trials are essential to validate its therapeutic potential. This review highlights the need for comprehensive research and regulatory evaluation to support the safe medicinal use of Kratom.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Singkong dan Singkil terhadap Serangan Hama Kangkung Darat

2025-06-23T13:43:44+07:00

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the combination of cassava leaf extract Adira 1 (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and singkil leaves (Premna pubescens Blume) as a botanical pesticide against the intensity of insect pest attacks on land spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir). The study was conducted from March to April 2025 in Girimukti Village, Penajam District, Penajam Paser Utara Regency. This study used an experimental method with a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five concentration treatment levels (0%, 20%, 35%, 50%, and 65%), each repeated five times, so that there were 25 experimental units. The parameters observed were the level of leaf damage due to pest attacks which were measured weekly. Data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the analysis showed that the extract concentration treatment had a significant effect on reducing the intensity of pest attacks. Treatment with a concentration of 65% showed the highest effectiveness in reducing leaf damage due to pest attacks compared to other treatments. The conclusion of this study is that the combination of cassava leaf extract and singkil leaf has the potential to be an effective botanical pesticide and can be an alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable agricultural systems.

Pengaruh Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis AR Model Pembelajaran PjBL terhadap Keterampilan Bertanya dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Materi Sistem Reproduksi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 14 Samarinda

2025-06-24T05:57:48+07:00

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on improving students' questioning and critical thinking skills. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects of the study were students of grade XI SMAN 14 Samarinda who were divided into an experimental class and a control class, each consisting of 20 students. The research instruments used were essay tests, observation sheets, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), N-Gain test, t-test (Independent Sample T-Test), and Normality & Homogeneity test using SPSS 25 for Windows. The results of the analysis showed a more significant increase in skills in the experimental class compared to the control class. The N-Gain value of the experimental class' questioning skills was 0.46 (moderate category), while the control class was 0.21 (low). For critical thinking, the experimental class obtained 0.51 (moderate), higher than the control class 0.33 (moderate). These findings indicate that AR integration in PjBL effectively improves questioning and critical thinking skills, and contributes to 21st century learning innovation.

Pengaruh Air Leri terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens)

2025-07-07T06:35:44+07:00

Leri water is a household waste from washing rice, known to contain various important nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, B1, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, and iron. The nutritional content in rice washing water can be used to support the growth and development of chili plants. This study aims to determine the effect of leri water on the growth of plant height and number of leaves of cayenne pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L). The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications P1 0%, P2 25%, P3 50%, P4 75%, and P5 100%. P1 (without using leri water), P2 (250ml leri water + 750 plain water), P3 (500ml leri water + 500ml plain water), P4 (750ml leri water + 250ml plain water), and P5 (without using plain water). The variables observed were plant height and number of cayenne pepper leaves. The results of the study showed that the provision of leri water had an effect on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.), the best results were seen in the P5 treatment with 100% leri water without a mixture of ordinary water, and the lowest results were in the P1 treatment without using leri water.

Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella typhimurium: Studi In Vitro Menggunakan Metode Difusi Cakram

2025-06-25T09:54:51+07:00

Salmonella typhimurium bacterial infection remains one of the main causes of gastrointestinal diseases, and cases of resistance to conventional antibiotics are increasing. This encourages the search for alternative therapies based on natural ingredients, one of which is jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) which are known to contain antibacterial compounds. This study is an in vitro experimental study aimed at evaluating the antibacterial effectiveness of ethyl acetate extract of jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) against the growth of Salmonella typhimurium using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Four extract concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%) were tested against bacterial suspensions with chloramphenicol as a positive control, and DMSO as a negative control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test to determine significant differences between treatments. The results showed a significant increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone as the extract concentration increased with the highest effectiveness at a concentration of 80% (mean inhibition zone 16.07 mm; strong category). Analysis shows that active compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, work through cell wall damage and bacterial membrane permeability. These findings indicate that jengkol leaf extract has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium and is worthy of further development in phytopharmaceutical-based infection control efforts.

Pengaruh Pemberian Stigmasterol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) terhadap Kerusakan Histologi Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) Jantan sebagai Sumber Belajar Biologi

2025-06-25T14:35:44+07:00

The implementation of a healthy lifestyle with a “back to nature” approach has become a global trend, marked by the increasing consumption of natural-based medicines which are considered relatively safer compared to synthetic drugs. The beluntas plant (Pluchea indica L.) is known to contain active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, including stigmasterol which has the potential as a pharmacological agent. This study aims to determine the effect of administering stigmasterol from beluntas leaves at various doses on liver histological damage. The study was conducted at the Biomedical Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang for 28 days. The type of study used true experiment research with a RAL experimental design, consisting of four groups and six replications. The doses of each treatment were P1 (0.125 mg/kgBW), P2 (0.25 mg/kgBW), P3 (0.5 mg/kgBW), and the control group. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that the data on the effect of the administration of stigmasterol from beluntas leaves showed significant differences in liver cell damage in male white rats (Rattus novergicus) in parenchymatous degeneration (p = 0.010), in hydropic degeneration (p = 0.000), in karyorrhexis cells (p = 0.020), in karyolysis cells (p = 0.000), and in inflammatory cells (p = 0.021). However, the results of the one-way ANOVA test showed no significant effect on the administration of stigmasterol to pyknosis cells (p = 0.409 > 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of stigmasterol in treatment 1 effectively reduced hydropic and prenchymatous degeneration but actually increased damage to karyolysis cells, karyorrhexis cells and inflammatory cells. This study of the effect of stigmasterol from beluntas leaves on liver histology can be used as a source of learning Biology in phase F in SMK Kesehatan class XI Pharmacology, especially in understanding drugs related to disorders of the body's system.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Brain Based Learning Berbantuan Wordwall terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

2025-06-25T19:34:11+07:00

Brain Based Learning is an approach based on how the human brain works. This model creates a learning atmosphere that is in harmony with the way the brain naturally processes information, with the hope of increasing student participation and their learning outcomes. In its implementation, the Brain Based Learning model is combined with the use of Wordwalls as a learning aid. Wordwall is a technology-based platform that offers a variety of user-friendly quizzes, games, and activities. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Brain Based Learning model and Wordwalls on science process skills and student learning outcomes. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research instrument uses a test, with 10 essay questions, 5 questions to measure science process skills, and 5 questions to measure student learning outcomes. The sampling technique in this study uses the Purposive Sampling technique. To analyze the data, the researcher used the t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the analysis show that the t-test obtained a sig. A 2-tailed test of 0.00 (0.00<0.05) for both variables indicates an effect of the Brain-Based Learning model assisted by Wordwall media on the science process skills and learning outcomes of 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda on the human sensory system topic.

Kearifan Lokal Roko Molas Poco dalam Perspektif Ekologi dan Konservasi Alam (Kajian Etnis Manggarai)

2025-06-25T21:05:17+07:00

This study examines the Roko Molas Poco Ritual as a form of local wisdom from an ecological and nature conservation perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine in depth the ecological values in the Roko Molas Poco traditional rite. This tradition is a traditional practice that contains inherited spiritual, social, and ecological values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature studies and interviews with traditional leaders. Data are analyzed through the process of data reduction, data presentation, verification, and drawing conclusions to obtain in-depth and contextual meaning. The results show that at each stage of the Roko Molas Poco contains symbols that depict environmental ethics and traditional conservation efforts, including the selection of the main wood (siri bongkok), the Ela Racang Cola ritual, the carrying of siri bongkok, the Ela Hambor Haju ritual, and the installation of siri bongkok. The Roko Molas Poco ritual has relevance in environmental education and nature conservation, namely in learning environmental values and ethics. This ritual instills the noble values of respect, appreciation, responsibility, and an awareness of human dependence on nature as a source of life. Thus, Roko Molas Poco serves as a preventive and participatory conservation instrument. This study recommends integrating the ecological values of Roko Molas Poco into environmental education curricula and community-based environmental conservation programs.

Studi Literatur: Strategi Penguatan Literasi Lingkungan pada Peserta Didik di Sekolah

2025-06-26T11:32:06+07:00

Low environmental literacy is caused by a lack of environmental literacy reinforcement, necessitating strategies through four aspects of environmental literacy. This study aims to explore strategies for strengthening students' environmental literacy in schools. This study used a literature review method by reviewing 12 articles from the Google Scholar and Garuda databases published between 2021 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted by identifying patterns, differences, and potential reinforcement strategies. Based on the results of the journal review, there are differences in reinforcement strategies at the three levels of education. At the elementary school level, the strategy focuses on introducing students to the environment to foster environmental awareness. Furthermore, at the junior high school level, students are directed to further develop understanding and skills through environmental project activities. Then, at the senior high school level, students are directed to further strengthen environmental literacy through concrete action activities related to the environment.

Keanekaragaman Serangga Asosiatif pada Bangkai Tikus yang Diletakkan di Luar Ruangan sebagai Indikator Forensik

2025-06-28T18:01:34+07:00

Insects are a group of organisms with a high level of species diversity and have various important roles, one of which is in the field of forensics. Insects can be used as forensic indicators in revealing the facts of death studied in forensic entomology. This study aims to analyze the diversity of insects associated with rat (Rattus norvegicus) carcasses in three different conditions, namely without treatment (control), wrapped in cloth, and with incisions. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications for each treatment. The treatment group consisted of three types, namely without treatment, with cloth wrapping, and with incisions. Each group consisted of three replications. The results of the Hutcheson t-test showed differences in the insect species diversity index between treatments (p < 0.05). The species Onthophagus pilularius and Phaeochrous emarginatus were only found in carcasses wrapped in cloth. Meanwhile, Chrysomya megacephala was the dominant species in all treatments with a relative abundance of more than 40%. These findings indicate that the physical condition of the carcass influences the composition of the insect community, which has the potential to be used as an indicator in forensic studies.

Analisis Korelasi Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan Indikator Komplikasi Makrovaskular dan Mikrovaskular pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

2025-06-30T12:08:32+07:00

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM type 2) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker in cardiometabolic diseases such as T2DM. This study aims to analyze the relationship of NLR with leukocyte count, random blood glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). The study design is a retrospective analysis with respondents of 162 uncomplicated T2DM patients treated at Mojowarno Christian General Hospital, Jombang. The results of the study showed that the average number of leukocytes was 12,688 cells/µl, neutrophils 75.3%, lymphocytes 17.2%, NLR 8.5, blood glucose 273.2 mg/dl, SGOT 40.88 U/l, SGPT 54.64 U/l, total cholesterol 196.3 mg/dl (<200), and creatinine 1.13 mg/dl. Correlation tests showed that NLR was significantly associated with leukocyte count (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and total cholesterol (p = 0.000 < 0.05), but not significantly correlated with random blood glucose (p = 0.064 > 0.05), SGOT (p = 0.089 > 0.05), SGPT (p = 0.929 > 0.05), or creatinine (p = 0.625 > 0.05). In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes, NLR was significantly correlated with leukocyte count and total cholesterol, but not with random blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, or creatinine.

Potensi Tabha Lame sebagai Pangan Fungsional Tradisional untuk Mendukung Laktasi: Kajian Etnobotani di Suku Ua Kabupaten Nagekeo

2025-07-03T11:13:06+07:00

Tabha Lame is a traditional food of the Ua Tribe in Nagekeo Regency which has been traditionally believed to increase breast milk production. However, this belief has never been scientifically studied and systematically documented, especially regarding its nutritional function and ethnobotanical value. This study aims to identify the composition of ingredients, processing, and nutritional potential of Tabha Lame as a locally based functional food. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews and field documentation methods with traditional leaders and women who possess traditional knowledge. The results show that Tabha Lame is made from local ingredients, such as: jali (Coix lacryma-jobi), moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), and coconut milk cooked using the Dhedhu Zaka technique. The content of phytoestrogens, iron, vegetable protein, vitamin A, and unsaturated fatty acids in these ingredients contribute to supporting the lactation process. The slow cooking process maintains micronutrients, while the symbolic presentation demonstrates the integration between nutrition and culture. The conclusion of this study confirms that Tabha Lame is a locally based functional food with potential for development in community-based nutritional interventions for breastfeeding mothers and the preservation of traditional knowledge.

Kajian Etnobotani dalam Makanan Tradisional Wa’ai Zamu sebagai Bentuk Warisan Budaya Masyarakat Ende

2025-07-05T19:56:09+07:00

This research is an ethnobotanical study of the traditional food Wa'ai Zamu, a form of cultural heritage of the Ende people, East Nusa Tenggara. The objective was to document local knowledge regarding the use of plants in making Wa'ai Zamu and the cultural values it embodies. The study employed a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 key informants selected purposively, consisting of traditional leaders, women traditional food processors, and local cultural experts. Triangulation techniques were used through participant observation and literature review to strengthen the validity of the data. The results indicate that Wa'ai Zamu uses various types of local plants with nutritional value and symbolic functions in traditional rituals. Information regarding nutritional content comes from informants and is partially supported by previous literature references. This study demonstrates that traditional foods serve not only as daily consumption but also represent the identity and cultural continuity of the Ende people. Documenting this knowledge is crucial for preserving intangible cultural heritage, which is vulnerable to modernization.

Validitas Soal Berbasis HOTS Berbantuan Quizizz untuk Melatih Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan

2025-07-06T21:42:23+07:00

Critical thinking skills are one of the abilities needed by students to face the challenges of the 21st century. This study aims to describe the validity of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based questions developed to train students' critical thinking skills. This research used a developmental research model (ADDIE) model. The parameter measured was the product's validity level, consisting of HOTS-based questions, using a validation instrument involving two validators: a material expert and a learning device expert. The subjects in this study were 11th-grade high school students. The questions were developed in essay format and presented through the digital platform Quizizz as a learning evaluation medium. The validation results showed that the questions fell into the appropriate to very appropriate category, with a percentage range of 62.50% - 81.25% for the material aspect, and 81.25% - 100% for the learning device aspect. Thus, the developed HOTS-based questions are deemed appropriate for use in learning evaluation activities and have the potential to support the development of students' critical thinking skills.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Menggunakan Media Flipbook pada Materi Ekosistem dan Interaksinya terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X MAN 2 Samarinda

2025-07-08T20:49:25+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by flipbook media on the topic of ecosystems and their interactions on the critical thinking skills of tenth-grade students at MAN 2 Samarinda. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The analysis results showed that the N-Gain value in the experimental class was 0.57 (medium category), higher than that in the control class. The independent sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of implementing a PBL model assisted by flipbook media on students' critical thinking skills. These findings indicate that the use of a flipbook-based PBL model is effective in improving critical thinking skills in biology learning.

Literature Review: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2025-07-06T20:25:17+07:00

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity seen by general practitioners, pediatricians, and spine surgeons in adolescents aged 10–18 years. Also known as “late-onset” scoliosis, AIS is typically characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine of ≥10° on radiological examination. This article aims to examine the characteristics, prevalence, diagnostic methods, and risk factors of AIS through a literature review. The method used was a literature review of several scientific articles from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases published within the past 10 years. The results of the study indicate that AIS is more common in females, with a global prevalence ranging from 0.47 to 5.2%. Physical examinations, such as the Adams forward bend test, are common initial screening methods for detecting postural abnormalities, such as rib hump or shoulder asymmetry. The conclusions of this review emphasize the importance of early detection of AIS to prevent progression of the disorder and long-term biomechanical complications.

Studi Literatur: Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Air sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air Sungai

2025-07-11T20:52:55+07:00

River water pollution due to domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. One environmentally friendly approach to monitoring water quality is through the use of aquatic plants as bioindicators. This study aims to inventory the types of aquatic plants that have the potential to be bioindicators of river water quality based on their sensitivity to pollutants and their relationship to water quality. This study was conducted through a literature study by analyzing articles from the Google Scholar, DOAJ, and GARUDA databases, published between 2015-2025, totaling 52 relevant articles regarding aquatic plants as bioindicators of river water quality. Using a qualitative content analysis and descriptive synthesis approach. The results of the analysis indicate that 12 species of aquatic plants have the potential to be bioindicators of river water quality. Some prominent species include: Cyperus papyrus, Echinodorus palaefolius, Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Ipomoea aquatica, Lemna minor, Limnocharis flava, Microsorum pteropus, Nymphaea sp., Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta, and Typha angustifolia. Based on their sensitivity to pollution, aquatic plants can be grouped into Eichhornia crassipes and Ipomoea aquatica (highly sensitive), Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta (sensitive), Nymphaea sp. and Limnocharis flava, Lemna minor, and Cyperus papyrus (pollution-tolerant), and Hydrilla verticillata and Microsorum pteropus (highly adaptable). This research can provide an alternative for assessing water quality through aquatic plants and increase public knowledge about aquatic plant species as bioindicators.

Pengaruh Game Based Learning (GBL) Berbantuan Website Educaplay terhadap Literasi Digital dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Samarinda pada Materi Ekologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia

2025-07-14T15:45:15+07:00

Technology-based learning is crucial for 21st-century education to improve digital literacy and student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of Game Based Learning (GBL) assisted by educaplay on digital literacy and learning outcomes of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Samarinda on the topic of Indonesian ecology and biodiversity. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest control group design. This study involved 64 students as samples, divided into experimental and control classes. The research instruments included essay questions for cognitive learning outcomes and questionnaires for digital literacy. The results showed significant differences between the two groups. The average cognitive posttest of the experimental class (79.5) was substantially higher than that of the control class (68.8), with an N-gain value of 0.52 (moderate category). The increase in digital literacy in the experimental class was also significant, from an average of 107.5 to 145.69. The t-test confirmed the significance value (p<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that Game-Based Learning (GBL) supported by educaplay is effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes and digital literacy skills.

Analisis Drug Likeness, Toksisitas GUSAR, dan Docking Senyawa Antidesma bunius sebagai Obat Hipokolesterolemik

2025-07-13T10:54:34+07:00

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and requires alternative therapies derived from natural products to minimize the side effects of synthetic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds from Antidesma bunius as hypocholesterolemic drug candidates through an in silico approach, including drug likeness screening, toxicity prediction (GUSAR), and molecular docking against the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme (PDB ID: 1HWK). From 104 compounds identified via GC-MS, 52 met the Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5) criteria, indicating favorable oral pharmacokinetics. Toxicity prediction using GUSAR revealed that most compounds had oral LD₅₀ values >2000 mg/kg and were classified as having low to non-toxic profiles according to OECD standards Compounds such as Farnesol, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone, and Ambrettolide were classified in toxicity class 5 to non-toxic based on their high LD₅₀ values, particularly through oral and subcutaneous routes, indicating a wide safety margin. Docking analysis showed that Ambrettolide (−6.5 kcal/mol) and Acenapthylene (−6.4 kcal/mol) had stronger binding affinities than Pravastatin (−6.2 kcal/mol), a standard control drug, suggesting that certain natural compounds from A. bunius may possess comparable or superior hypocholesterolemic activity. Furthermore, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one displayed a promising combination of safety, pharmacokinetic properties, and binding affinity. These findings suggest that A. bunius contains several natural compounds with the potential to be developed into safe and effective herbal therapies for hypercholesterolemia.

Review Literatur: Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Satwa Liar

2025-07-14T18:27:24+07:00

Climate change is one of the most significant global threats to the survival of wildlife, particularly in tropical regions that harbor high biodiversity yet remain vulnerable to environmental pressures. This study aims to examine the impacts of climate change on the distribution, phenology, behavior, and physiological responses of wildlife through a literature review of 23 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that species with narrow habitat ranges and high sensitivity to temperature are especially vulnerable to climate change, particularly when compounded by anthropogenic disturbances such as deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Various impacts of climate change have been identified in tropical wildlife. Montane forest-endemic birds in the Andes have shifted to higher elevations due to rising temperatures, while Southeast Asian amphibians are threatened by declining microhabitat humidity. Changes in reproductive rhythms are evident in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), which have experienced shifts in their birthing seasons. In addition, increased nocturnal activity has been observed in large mammals in Africa and Asia as a response to thermal stress. Adaptive conservation strategies discussed include the establishment of ecological corridors, habitat restoration, and species distribution modeling. A science-based conservation approach is essential to address future ecological challenges.

Pengaruh POC Campuran Kulit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dan Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa balbisiana) terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica rapa)

2025-07-15T16:19:18+07:00

This study aimed to determine the effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) made from a mixture of cocoa husks (Theobroma cacao L.) and kepok banana peels (Musa balbisiana) on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica rapa). The study was conducted in Biting Village, Arjasa District, Jember Regency, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five LFO concentration treatments (0%-40%) and eight replications. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf area, and number of leaves. Data analysis was performed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test if the requirements were not met. The results showed that the 30% LFO treatment (P3) produced the highest number of leaves and was significantly different from the other treatments. Meanwhile, plant height and leaf area did not show significant differences. These findings indicate that the LFO mixture of cocoa husks and kepok banana peels has the potential as an alternative organic fertilizer that selectively supports vegetative plant growth, particularly in increasing leaf number, and also contributes to a sustainable agricultural system based on local waste.

Pengembangan E-Modul Biologi Berbasis Indigenous Knowledge Suku Dayak Kenyah pada Materi Inovasi Teknologi Biologi

2025-07-11T19:14:31+07:00

The use of technology in education has encouraged innovation in teaching materials, one of which is the development of Indigenous Knowledge-based E-Modules to align knowledge with the surrounding culture and environment. This study aims to develop and assess the feasibility of a Biology E-Module based on Indigenous Knowledge of the Dayak Kenyah Tribe on the subject of Biology Technology Innovation at SMA IT Granada Samarinda. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) which in this study was carried out up to the Develop stage. The research subjects included one Biology teacher, 23 students of class XA1 at SMA IT Granada Samarinda, and five Dayak Kenyah cultural informants in Pampang Cultural Village. Data collection instruments were in the form of interviews, questionnaires, and validation sheets which were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The validation results showed the feasibility of the E-Module from the material aspect of 91% and media 82%. Student responses in small group and large group trials reached 80.50% and 85.21%, respectively, which were categorized as very feasible. The findings indicate that integrating Indigenous Knowledge into E-Modules supports more contextual and engaging Biology learning. This study recommends further exploration of the potential of local knowledge as an innovative resource in the development of digital learning media.

Eksplorasi Etnobotani Mesi Koro Gami sebagai Warisan Kuliner Lokal Suku Lio di Desa Wolotopo Kabupaten Ende

2025-07-17T13:40:07+07:00

Mesi Koro Gami is a traditional food of the Lio people in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, made from grated coconut roasted until dry and brown. This study aims to explore the process of making Mesi Koro Gami and the cultural values inherent in this food in the lives of the Lio people. The method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interviews and direct field observations. The results show that Mesi Koro Gami has a distinctive savory taste and fragrant aroma, and is often consumed as a snack or mixed with staple foods such as sweet potatoes and corn. Besides being a daily food, Mesi Koro Gami also reflects a strong cultural heritage, demonstrating the close relationship between culinary practices and local community identity.

Kajian Etnobotani dalam Makanan Tradisional Ra’a Rete Khas Bajawa Kecamatan Jerebu’u Kabupaten Ngada

2025-07-22T22:59:51+07:00

Ra'a Rete is a traditional food of the Bajawa people of Ngada Regency, which holds cultural value and potential for development within an ethnobotanical context. This study aims to identify the local plants used in making Ra'a Rete and analyze their role in the Bajawa culinary tradition. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including field observations and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local culinary practitioners. The results indicate that Ra'a Rete utilizes a variety of local ingredients, such as tubers and spices, which possess high biodiversity and significant nutritional value. Furthermore, this dish plays an important role in preserving the cultural identity of the Bajawa people and provides an opportunity to raise awareness of the sustainable use of local resources. This research is expected to encourage the development of ethnobotanical-based culinary products in Indonesia and preserve traditional cultural heritage.

Pengaruh Pemberian Tugas Mandiri terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Histologi

2025-07-23T22:07:27+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of giving independent assignments on student learning outcomes in the Histology course. The method used was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study subjects consisted of two classes: a treatment class given independent assignments and a control class without similar treatment. Data were collected through pretests and posttests, then analyzed using paired t-tests and homogeneity of variance tests. The results showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in the treatment class (p = 0.000 < 0.05), while the control class showed no significant difference (p = 0.348 > 0.05). These findings indicate that giving independent assignments can significantly improve student learning outcomes. Thus, independent assignments are effectively implemented as a learning strategy in the Histology course to train students' independence, responsibility, and critical thinking skills.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Media Pop Up Book terhadap Partisipasi Aktif Siswa pada Materi Ekosistem Kelas X di SMA Islam Samarinda

2025-07-23T21:58:23+07:00

Active student participation is the direct involvement of students in the learning process which includes indicators, such as: giving opinions, giving responses, doing assignments, concluding, and presenting. Class X students at SMA Islam Samarinda have low active participation in learning activities. Therefore, the use of appropriate learning models and media is very necessary to attract students' attention so that students are more actively involved in learning activities. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by pop-up book media on students' active participation in ecosystem material for class X at SMA Islam Samarinda. The type of research used is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental method and uses a research design, namely pretest-posttest control group design. The sample in this study was class X-1 as an experiment and class X-2 as a control, where each class consisted of 25 students, so that the total sample was 50 students, with a sampling technique of simple random sampling. Data collection in this study used a student active participation questionnaire, with data analysis using a hypothesis test using an independent sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the research conducted, a 2-tailed significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 was obtained, indicating that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model using pop-up books significantly influenced student active participation in ecosystems material for 10th grade students at SMA Islam Samarinda.

Pengaruh Latar Belakang Jurusan dan Minat Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi di SMA IT Granada Samarinda

2025-07-23T21:20:44+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of major background and learning interest on the learning outcomes of grade XI students in Biology at SMA IT Granada Samarinda. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding internal and external factors that can influence student academic achievement, especially in subjects that require high-level thinking skills such as Biology. This study uses a non-experimental quantitative approach with an ex post facto method and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The instrument used is a closed Likert-scale questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The sample consisted of 55 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using prerequisite tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity), then processed with the help of the SPSS version 25 program at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that both major background and learning interest significantly influence student learning outcomes, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination (R2) value of 47.3% indicates that variations in student learning outcomes can be explained by the two independent variables. These findings indicate that selecting a major that aligns with the subject's characteristics and fostering learning interest can be effective strategies for student learning outcomes in Biology.

Analisis Patogenisitas Fusarium solani dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah

2025-09-19T09:39:55+07:00

Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium sp. is one of the main obstacles in the cultivation of shallots (Allium cepa L.), because it can significantly reduce the quality and quantity of crops. This study aims to test the level of pathogenicity of Fusarium solani and analyze the effect of disease attacks on the growth and yield of shallot plants. The study used a two-factor Complete Random Design (RAL) with 6 treatment combinations and 3 replicas on three varieties of shallots inoculated with Fusarium solani. Growth parameters and disease intensity were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT test at 5%. The results of the study showed that the fungus Fusarium solani f.sp. Cepae has been shown to have high virulence in shallots, indicated by a short incubation period (3-6 days) and an attack rate of up to 100% in all varieties tested. This pathogenic infection decreases vegetative growth (plant height and number of leaves) as well as yield (fresh and dry weight). The Keta Monca variety shows relatively better resistance than the Bima Brebes and Super Philip varieties, although there is no variety that is completely resistant to Fusarium solani attacks. Fusarium solani infection not only inhibits vegetative growth, but also significantly decreases yields. These findings confirm that Fusarium solani has high pathogenicity and has the potential to be a serious threat in onion cultivation.