Gaol, E. G. L.; Silaban, R.; Sudrajat, A.; Sitorus, M.; Nst, Z. Analysis of the Need to Develop Innovative Teaching Materials Based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Integrated With the Local Wisdom of Marpangir Batak Toba on the Topic of Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solutions. Panthera j. ilm. pendidik. Sains dan terap. 2026, 6, 2602-2611.