Kewenangan yang Meluas dan Tantangan Pengawasan pada Lembaga Baru dalam Tata Kelola Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Badan Gizi Nasional

Haura Nur Azizah; Fega Sukma Witarsa Putri; Adzra Sabrina; Gania Syawalia Winara

doi:10.36312/panthera.v6i4.1663

Authors

Haura Nur Azizah Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia
Fega Sukma Witarsa Putri Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia
Adzra Sabrina Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia
Gania Syawalia Winara Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/panthera.v6i4.1663

Keywords:

National Nutrition Agency, Government Oversight, Abuse of Authority, Free Nutritional Meal Program, Institutional Governance

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a national strategic program managed by the National Nutrition Agency (BGN), an institution established based on Presidential Regulation Number 83 of 2024. The large amount of authority and budget allocation managed in a relatively short time creates challenges for institutional governance and oversight. This study aims to analyze the authority of BGN in implementing MBG, identify potential abuse of authority, evaluate the effectiveness of preventive, detective, and corrective supervision, and examine the challenges of supervision in a new institution with a large budget allocation. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and qualitative content analysis. Data were obtained through a review of policy and regulatory documents, reports from supervisory institutions, publications from civil society organizations, and mass media coverage verified through independent sources. The analysis was carried out through data reduction and categorization, interpretation based on the theoretical framework of government oversight, and synthesis using Klitgaard's corruption formula. The results of the study indicate that preventive supervision is not yet fully adequate, especially in ensuring transparency and preventing potential conflicts of interest in the selection process for Nutrition Fulfillment Service Unit (SPPG) partners. Detective oversight also demonstrates limited internal capacity, so the identification of various indications of governance problems is driven by external oversight, including from civil society organizations and law enforcement officials. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of corrective oversight still faces challenges in ensuring follow-up on findings and correcting weaknesses in the control system. Based on Klitgaard's formula, the risk of abuse of authority in the implementation of the MBG is related to the concentration of authority, the extent of discretionary space, and the suboptimal integration of accountability mechanisms. This research contributes to the development of government oversight studies by demonstrating that the effectiveness of oversight in a new institution is determined not only by the existence of control instruments, but also by institutional capacity, transparency, and accountability integration. Therefore, strengthening internal oversight, increasing partner data transparency, and developing a technology-based integrated oversight system is necessary.

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